Ketiadaan Hakim Pemeriksa Pendahuluan dalam RUU KUHAP 2025: Ancaman Judicial Scrutiny dan Perlindungan HAM
The Absence of Preliminary Examination Judges in the 2025 Criminal Procedure Code Bill: Threats to Judicial Scrutiny and Human Rights Protection
Keywords:
Check and Balance, Hak Asasi Manusia, Judicial Scrutiny, Praperadilan, Peradilan PidanaAbstract
Judicial scrutiny merupakan instrumen penting untuk menjamin prinsip check and balance dalam sistem peradilan pidana, terutama dalam melindungi hak asasi manusia dari potensi penyalahgunaan wewenang aparat penegak hukum. Artikel ini mengkaji urgensi penguatan judicial scrutiny dalam pembaruan hukum acara pidana melalui RUU KUHAP 2025, dengan menitikberatkan pada tidak diakomodasinya Hakim Pemeriksa Pendahuluan sebagai mekanisme pengawasan yudisial yang lebih preventif. Analisis diarahkan pada posisi praperadilan sebagai bentuk judicial scrutiny yang berlaku saat ini, keterbatasannya dalam mengawasi tindakan paksa, serta relevansi model pengawasan yudisial di beberapa negara sebagai bahan perbandingan. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode normatif dengan pendekatan perundang-undangan dan pendekatan konseptual. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahwa penguatan pengawasan yudisial, baik melalui optimalisasi praperadilan maupun rekonstruksi mekanisme judicial scrutiny pre factum dan post factum, diperlukan untuk memperkuat perlindungan hak asasi manusia dan prinsip due process of law. Oleh karena itu, reformasi KUHAP perlu menempatkan judicial scrutiny sebagai instrumen utama untuk menjaga keseimbangan antara kewenangan negara dan hak individu.
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